FEMA Violation vs. PMLA Offence: What You Need to Know When Facing ED Action
1.Statutory Nature: Civil vs. Criminal FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999) is a civil regulatory statute, addressing foreign‑exchange contraventions via administrative adjudication and penalties under Section 13. Proceedings are conducted by designated Adjudicating Authorities; no criminal prosecution emerges unless prosecution is initiated after adjudication under Section 13(1B). PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002) is a criminal […]
