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ED Summons
02. 07
2025
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A Guide to Responding to an ED Summons in India

Receiving a summons from the Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (“PMLA”) or the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (“FEMA”) is a matter of urgent legal significance, not a mere formality. While issuance of such a summons does not imply guilt, non-compliance or missteps can lead to grave consequences. This […]
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Res Judicata
23. 06
2025
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Secure Steps, No Retreat: Supreme Court Locks Res Judicata & Party‑Impleadment in One Stroke

The Supreme Court’s decision in Sulthan Said Ibrahim v. Prakasan & Ors. (Civil Appeal No. 7108 of 2025) delivers a twin lesson in procedural finality. First, res judicata applies not only between separate suits but also between successive stages of the same proceedings. Second, a legal heir added after an enquiry under Order XXII Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) cannot later erase himself from […]
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Section 11
18. 06
2025
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Arbitrator Alone Can Test Arbitrability—Delhi High Court Reinforces Section 11 Restraint

Introduction The Delhi High Court has reaffirmed that the power to determine whether an arbitration clause applies to a dispute lies squarely with the arbitral tribunal, not the court seized of a Section 11 petition. In Indraprastha Gas Ltd. v. Chintamani Food and Snacks (ARB.P. 355/2024, decision dated 29 November 2024), Justice Sachin Datta dismissed objections to the very “existence” of arbitrable disputes and proceeded to appoint […]
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Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
16. 06
2025
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Corporate Debtors Can’t Backtrack on Prior Approvals: NCLT Upholds Liability Despite Change in Position

I. Introduction In a significant ruling delivered on 9th May 2025, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), New Delhi Bench, admitted an application under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 filed by M/s Liberium Global Resources Pvt. Ltd. against M/s Amritsar MSW Limited. The tribunal reiterated a fundamental principle of law: a […]
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